Pharmacology Rapid Lightning Revision — NEET MDS

Autonomic NS

• Cholinergic agonist: Pilocarpine (glaucoma), Bethanechol (urinary retention)

• Anticholinergic: Atropine (mydriasis), Glycopyrrolate (pre-anesthetic)

• Adrenergic agonist: Epinephrine, Norepinephrine (shock), Dobutamine (heart failure)

• Beta-blockers: Propranolol (non-selective), Metoprolol (β1), Labetalol (α+β)

• Repeated: Receptor types, glaucoma, pre-anesthetic drugs

Cardiovascular

• ACEi: Captopril, Enalapril (↓Ang II, cough)

• ARBs: Losartan (AT1 blocker)

• Ca-channel blockers: Amlodipine, Verapamil (gingival hyperplasia)

• Diuretics: Thiazides (HCTZ), Loop (Furosemide), K-sparing (Spironolactone)

• Anti-anginal: Nitrates, Beta-blockers, Ca-blockers

• Anti-arrhythmic: Amiodarone (frequent exam)

• Repeated: HTN+DM: ACEi; HF drugs

CNS

• Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam (anxiolytic, SE: sedation)

• Antidepressants: SSRIs (Fluoxetine), SNRIs (Venlafaxine), TCA (Amitriptyline)

• Antipsychotics: Typical (Haloperidol), Atypical (Olanzapine)

• Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Valproate, Levetiracetam

• Repeated: Status epilepticus → IV BZD → Phenytoin; antidepressant of choice MDD

Antimicrobials

• Beta-lactams: Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cephalosporins

• Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin (nephrotoxic, ototoxic)

• Macrolides: Erythromycin, Azithromycin

• Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin

• Anti-TB: Isoniazid (neuropathy), Rifampicin (orange urine), Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol (optic neuritis)

• Repeated: First-line TB drugs, Rifampicin interactions

NSAIDs & Analgesics

• NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac (gastric ulcer)

• Opioids: Morphine, Codeine (resp depression)

• Dental: Acute dental pain → Ibuprofen + Paracetamol

Endocrine

• Insulin: Rapid (Lispro), Intermediate (NPH), Long (Glargine)

• Oral hypoglycemics: Metformin, Sulfonylureas, Pioglitazone

• Thyroid: Levothyroxine, PTU, Methimazole (PTU 1st trimester)

• Repeated: Type 2 DM → Metformin; Thyroid in pregnancy → PTU

Gastrointestinal

• Antacids: Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2

• H2 blockers: Ranitidine, Famotidine

• PPIs: Omeprazole, Pantoprazole

• Laxatives: Bulk, Osmotic, Stimulant

• Repeated: Peptic ulcer → PPI+Amox+Clarithromycin

Chemotherapy & Oncology

• Alkylating: Cyclophosphamide (hemorrhagic cystitis)

• Antimetabolites: Methotrexate, 5-FU

• Plant alkaloids: Vincristine, Vinblastine, Paclitaxel

• Targeted: Imatinib, Monoclonal antibodies

• Repeated: Myelosuppression, leukemia drugs