Detailed Endodontics Notes (Concept-Based)

🔹 Pulp & Periapical Biology

• Functions: Formative, Nutritive, Sensory, Defensive.

• Dentin Types:

  • Primary → formed during tooth development.

  • Secondary → after root formation.

  • Tertiary → reactionary (by existing odontoblasts) vs reparative (by new odontoblast-like cells).

• Pulp Stones:

  • True → dentinal tubules present.

  • False → concentric calcifications.

• Defense: Inflammation, sclerosis, reparative dentin.

🔹 Diagnosis

• Pulpal conditions:

  • Reversible pulpitis → sharp pain, subsides when stimulus removed.

  • Irreversible pulpitis → lingering pain, spontaneous.

  • Necrosis → no response to pulp tests.

• Periapical conditions:

  • Acute apical periodontitis → tenderness to percussion.

  • Chronic apical periodontitis → asymptomatic, radiolucency.

  • Phoenix abscess → acute exacerbation of chronic lesion.

  • Radicular cyst → most common odontogenic cyst.

🔹 Access Opening

• Objectives: Straight-line access, conserve tooth, locate canals.

• Krasner & Rankow Laws:

  • Law of centrality → chamber in center of tooth.

  • Law of symmetry → orifices equidistant from line.

  • Law of orifice location → at junction of floor & wall.

• Common shapes:

  • Max central → triangular.

  • Mandibular molar → trapezoidal.

🔹 Biomechanical Preparation

• Objectives: Clean & shape, preserve anatomy, avoid mishaps.

• Techniques:

  • Step-back → apical prep first.

  • Crown-down → coronal first, apical last.

  • Balanced force (Roane).

• Instruments:

  • Files → twisted, more flutes.

  • Reamers → fewer flutes, rotary.

  • H-files → machined, aggressive.

• NiTi Files: Superelastic, shape memory, better for curved canals.

🔹 Irrigation & Medicaments

• NaOCl (1–5%) → dissolves tissue + antimicrobial.

• EDTA (17%) → removes smear layer.

• Chlorhexidine (2%) → antimicrobial, no tissue dissolution.

• Ca(OH)₂ → high pH (~12.5), antibacterial, induces hard tissue barrier.

🔹 Obturation

• Objectives: Three-dimensional seal.

• Material:

  • Gutta-percha (ZnO, waxes, resins, radiopacifiers).

• Sealers:

  • ZnOE, Ca(OH)₂, resin-based, bioceramic.

• Techniques:

  • Cold lateral compaction (most common).

  • Warm vertical compaction.

  • Thermoplasticized techniques.

🔹 Endo Mishaps

• Ledge formation → artificial curve in canal.

• Transportation → apical foramen shifted.

• Zipping → tear-drop shaped apex.

• Elbow → narrow part above zip.

• Perforations → strip, furcation.

• Instrument separation → more in NiTi due to cyclic fatigue.

🔹 Trauma & Resorption

• Ellis classification I–IX (fracture levels).

• Avulsion management:

  • Immediate replantation best.

  • Storage medium: HBSS > milk > saliva.

  • Open apex → revascularization or apexification.

• Resorption:

  • Internal → balloon-like enlargement of canal.

  • External → irregular outline.

🔹 Endodontic Surgery

• Apicoectomy → resection of root tip.

• Retrograde filling materials: MTA > amalgam.

• Indications: Persistent periapical lesion, failure of RCT, inaccessible canals.

Condensed Notes with Mnemonics + MCQ-Style Points

🔹 Pulp & Pathology

• Functions mnemonic: FEND → Formative, Endodontic defense, Nutritive, Defensive.

• Reversible pulpitis → Pain relieved on stimulus removal.

• Phoenix abscess = acute flare-up of chronic lesion.

🔹 Access Cavity

• Laws (Krasner & Rankow):

  • CSI → Centrality, Symmetry, I → orifice location at junction.

• Common access: Max central (Triangular), Mand molar (Trapezoid).

🔹 Instrumentation

• Step-back = apical → coronal.

• Crown-down = coronal → apical.

• Balanced force = Roane’s technique.

• NiTi advantage: S → Superelastic, Shape memory.

🔹 Irrigants

• NaOCl → only irrigant that dissolves tissue.

• EDTA → removes smear layer.

• CHX → antimicrobial but no tissue dissolution.

🔹 Obturation

• Ideal properties mnemonic: SORRY BEC

  • Seal, Obliterate, Radiopaque, Resorbable (when extruded), Yields, Biocompatible, Easy handling, Cost-effective.

• Best sealer: MTA-based (bioceramic).

🔹 Mishaps

• Ledge → instrument deviates from canal.

• Zipping → tear-drop apex.

• Elbow → narrow part above zip.

🔹 Trauma

• Ellis class mnemonic: CIA → Crown, Involving pulp, Apex.

• Best storage medium: HBSS > milk > saliva > water.

🔹 Endo Surgery

• Retrograde filling: MTA > IRM > amalgam.

• Indications: Failure, inaccessible anatomy, persistent infection.

🦷 Endodontics – 100 Repeated MCQs + Mnemonics

1. Pulp & Periapical Pathology

Q1. Fibers for sharp, pricking pain?
a) A-delta
b) C
c) A-beta
d) A-alpha
👉 Ans: a) A-delta
💡 Mnemonic: Delta = Drill pain.

Q2. Fibers for dull, throbbing pain?
a) A-delta
b) C
c) A-beta
d) A-alpha
👉 Ans: b) C
💡 C = Continuous dull.

Q3. Most common cause of pulp necrosis?
a) Trauma
b) Caries
c) Periodontitis
d) Iatrogenic
👉 Ans: b) Caries
💡 Caries kills pulp.

Q4. Condensing osteitis is most common in?
a) Max anteriors
b) Mand molars
c) Mand premolars
d) Max premolars
👉 Ans: b) Mand molars
💡 Condensed in back teeth.

Q5. Phoenix abscess is:
a) Acute exacerbation of chronic periapical abscess
b) Acute periapical abscess
c) Periapical cyst
d) Chronic apical periodontitis
👉 Ans: a
💡 Phoenix = sudden flare-up.

Q6. Pink tooth of Mummery due to?
a) Pulp hyperplasia
b) Internal resorption
c) External resorption
d) Hypercementosis
👉 Ans: b) Internal resorption
💡 Pink inside = internal.

Q7. Commonest sequelae of chronic pulpitis?
a) Periapical granuloma
b) Cyst
c) Abscess
d) Necrosis
👉 Ans: a
💡 Chronic irritation → granuloma.

Q8. Tooth most prone to dens invaginatus?
a) Max central
b) Max lateral
c) Mand premolar
d) Mand molar
👉 Ans: b) Max lateral
💡 Laterals invite invagination.

Q9. Onion-skin appearance seen in?
a) Garre’s osteomyelitis
b) Condensing osteitis
c) Osteosarcoma
d) Periapical cyst
👉 Ans: a
💡 Garre = Grow layers (onion).

Q10. Pulp polyp occurs in?
a) Young teeth with open apices
b) Old teeth with closed apices
c) Primary teeth only
d) Teeth with trauma only
👉 Ans: a
💡 Young + open apex → good blood → polyp.

2. Diagnosis & Pulp Testing

Q11. Most reliable pulp vitality test?
a) Heat
b) Cold
c) Electric pulp test
d) Laser Doppler flowmetry
👉 Ans: d) Laser Doppler
💡 Laser = life (blood).

Q12. Most commonly used pulp test?
a) Cold
b) Heat
c) EPT
d) Pulse oximetry
👉 Ans: a) Cold
💡 Cold = Common.

Q13. False positive in EPT seen in?
a) Immature teeth
b) Wet tooth surface
c) Recent trauma
d) All of the above
👉 Ans: d) All
💡 IWT = Immature, Wet, Trauma.

Q14. False negative in EPT seen in?
a) Recently traumatized teeth
b) Immature teeth
c) Anesthetized teeth
d) All of the above
👉 Ans: d) All
💡 Opposite reasons → false negative too.

Q15. Heat test useful in diagnosis of?
a) Reversible pulpitis
b) Irreversible pulpitis
c) Necrotic pulp
d) Calcific degeneration
👉 Ans: b) Irreversible pulpitis
💡 Heat = high inflammation.

Q16. Cold test useful in?
a) Reversible pulpitis
b) Necrotic pulp
c) Calcific degeneration
d) None
👉 Ans: a
💡 Cold pain goes = reversible.

Q17. Bite test useful in detecting?
a) Cracks
b) Necrosis
c) Pulp stones
d) Resorption
👉 Ans: a) Cracks
💡 Bite → split pain.

Q18. Tooth slooth is used for?
a) Cracked tooth test
b) Pulp vitality
c) Periodontal probing
d) Bleaching
👉 Ans: a
💡 Slooth = Truth of crack.

Q19. Periapical index (PAI) given by?
a) Orstavik
b) Ingle
c) Grossman
d) Schilder
👉 Ans: a) Orstavik
💡 Orstavik organized PAI.

Q20. Differential diagnosis between perio and endo lesion best done by?
a) Radiograph
b) Clinical test
c) Pulp vitality test
d) Probing
👉 Ans: c) Pulp vitality test
💡 Vital pulp → perio, dead pulp → endo.

3. Access Cavity

Q21. Shape of access in max central incisor?
a) Ovoid (labio-palatal)
b) Round
c) Triangular
d) Trapezoid
👉 Ans: a) Ovoid
💡 Single canal = Oval.

Q22. Shape of access in max lateral?
a) Triangular
b) Ovoid
c) Trapezoid
d) Circular
👉 Ans: b) Ovoid
💡 Similar to central, but narrower.

Q23. Max canine access shape?
a) Ovoid (long labio-palatal)
b) Triangular
c) Round
d) Square
👉 Ans: a
💡 Longest tooth → longest oval.

Q24. Max 1st premolar access shape?
a) Ovoid bucco-palatal
b) Round
c) Triangular
d) Square
👉 Ans: a
💡 Premolar = 2 canals → oval BP.

Q25. Mand incisor access shape?
a) Ovoid labio-lingual
b) Triangular
c) Circular
d) Square
👉 Ans: a
💡 Narrow teeth = narrow oval.

Q26. Mand canine canal system?
a) Always single
b) Often two canals
c) Three canals
d) None
👉 Ans: b) Two canals possible
💡 Canines can double.

Q27. Law of symmetry does not apply in?
a) Mand molars
b) Max molars
c) Mand premolars
d) Mand anteriors
👉 Ans: a) Mand molars
💡 Mand molars break law.

Q28. Law of orifice location states?
a) Orifices at junction of walls & floor
b) Orifices equidistant
c) Orifices symmetrical
d) Orifices at CEJ level
👉 Ans: a
💡 Look where wall meets floor.

Q29. Pulp chamber floor color vs wall?
a) Darker
b) Lighter
c) Same
d) None
👉 Ans: a) Darker
💡 Dark floor = canal door.

Q30. Access of max 1st molar?
a) Triangular in young, rhomboid in old
b) Always round
c) Square
d) Ovoid
👉 Ans: a
💡 Age changes shape.

4. Instruments

Q31. File with spiral edges and push-pull motion?
a) H-file
b) K-file
c) Reamer
d) Barbed broach
👉 Ans: a) H-file
💡 H = Hedstrom = Hazardous push-pull.

Q32. File with twisted square blank?
a) K-file
b) H-file
c) Reamer
d) Broach
👉 Ans: a) K-file
💡 K = Key twisted square.

Q33. File with triangular blank?
a) Reamer
b) K-file
c) H-file
d) Broach
👉 Ans: a) Reamer
💡 Triangular twist = Reamer.

Q34. Instrument for pulp extirpation?
a) Broach
b) K-file
c) H-file
d) Reamer
👉 Ans: a) Broach
💡 Barbs grab pulp.

Q35. ISO file color for size 25?
a) Red
b) Blue
c) Yellow
d) Green
👉 Ans: a) Red
💡 21 = Pink, 25 = Red, 30 = Blue.

Q36. Length of standard hand file?
a) 21, 25, 31 mm
b) 22, 24, 30 mm
c) 20, 25, 32 mm
d) 21, 28, 32 mm
👉 Ans: a
💡 21-25-31 = Standard set.

Q37. Balanced force technique used with?
a) K-file
b) H-file
c) Reamer
d) Broach
👉 Ans: a) K-file
💡 K = Key balance.

Q38. Watch winding motion with?
a) K-file
b) H-file
c) Broach
d) Reamer
👉 Ans: a
💡 K-file = watch wind.

Q39. Apical transportation common with?
a) SS hand files
b) NiTi rotary
c) H-file
d) Reamer
👉 Ans: a
💡 Stiff SS transports.

Q40. NiTi advantage?
a) Superelastic
b) Less fracture
c) Better cutting
d) Cheaper
👉 Ans: a) Superelastic
💡 NiTi bends nicely.

5. Irrigation

Q41. Gold standard irrigant?
a) NaOCl
b) EDTA
c) CHX
d) Saline
👉 Ans: a
💡 NaOCl = Nature’s bleach.

Q42. Concentration of NaOCl commonly used?
a) 0.5–5.25%
b) 10–15%
c) 20–25%
d) 1% only
👉 Ans: a
💡 0.5–5.25 range.

Q43. EDTA action?
a) Inorganic smear layer removal
b) Organic tissue dissolution
c) Antimicrobial
d) Lubricant
👉 Ans: a
💡 EDTA = Enamel smear (inorganic).

Q44. CHX limitation?
a) No smear layer removal
b) No organic dissolution
c) Toxic
d) Expensive
👉 Ans: b
💡 CHX kills bugs, not gunk.

Q45. Smear layer removal best by?
a) EDTA
b) NaOCl
c) CHX
d) Saline
👉 Ans: a
💡 EDTA = smear clear.

Q46. Reaction of NaOCl + CHX forms?
a) Parachloroaniline (PCA) precipitate
b) Calcium hydroxide
c) Formaldehyde
d) Chloramine
👉 Ans: a
💡 Bad mix = brown PCA.

Q47. Reaction of NaOCl + EDTA leads to?
a) Loss of free chlorine → reduced antimicrobial
b) Precipitate
c) Gas formation
d) No reaction
👉 Ans: a
💡 EDTA kills bleach effect.

Q48. Irrigant that dissolves both organic + inorganic?
a) MTAD
b) NaOCl
c) EDTA
d) CHX
👉 Ans: a) MTAD
💡 MTAD = Mix → both layers.

Q49. QMix irrigant contains?
a) CHX + EDTA
b) NaOCl + EDTA
c) NaOCl + CHX
d) Tetracycline + EDTA
👉 Ans: a) CHX + EDTA
💡 QMix = Quick combo.

Q50. Intracanal medicament gold standard?
a) Calcium hydroxide
b) CHX
c) Iodine
d) Formocresol
👉 Ans: a
💡 Ca(OH)2 = king of medicaments.

📘 100 Endodontics MCQs with Mnemonics

🦷 1. Pulp & Periapical Pathology

1. Most common cause of pulpitis?
   a) Caries b) Trauma c) Attrition d) Iatrogenic
   ✅ Ans: Caries
   🔑 Mnemonic: “Caries Cracks the pulp first.”

2. Reversible pulpitis pain is…
   a) Lingering b) Spontaneous c) Short, sharp d) Continuous
   ✅ Ans: Short, sharp
   🔑 Mnemonic: Reversible = Rapid, Relief.

3. Irreversible pulpitis hallmark?
   a) Lingering pain b) Cold relief c) Non-painful d) Bleeding
   ✅ Ans: Lingering pain
   🔑 Mnemonic: Irreversible = It Lasts.

4. Condensing osteitis is due to…
   a) Low virulence b) High virulence c) Trauma d) Idiopathic
   ✅ Ans: Low virulence
   🔑 Mnemonic: “Condense = Calm bug.”

5. Phoenix abscess =
   a) Acute on chronic b) Chronic on acute c) Cyst d) Scar tissue
   ✅ Ans: Acute exacerbation of chronic lesion
   🔑 Mnemonic: Phoenix rises from old ashes (chronic).

🛠️ 2. Diagnosis & Tests

6. Most reliable test for pulp vitality?
   a) Thermal b) Electric pulp test c) Test cavity d) Pulse oximetry
   ✅ Ans: Test cavity (gold standard)
   🔑 Mnemonic: “When in doubt, drill out.”

7. Percussion tests…
   a) Pulp b) PDL c) Apex d) Crown
   ✅ Ans: PDL inflammation
   🔑 Mnemonic: “Tap tests the ligament.”

8. Best test for vertical root fracture?
   a) Percussion b) Transillumination c) CBCT d) Bite test
   ✅ Ans: CBCT
   🔑 Mnemonic: “Crack = Cone Beam.”

9. Tooth slooth test detects…
   a) Crack b) Caries c) Pulpitis d) Hypercementosis
   ✅ Ans: Crack
   🔑 Mnemonic: “Slooth = Sleuth for crack.”

10. Pulp necrosis gives…
    a) Lingering cold pain b) No response c) Exaggerated heat response d) Mild pain
    ✅ Ans: No response
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Dead pulp = Dead silence.”

🪓 3. Access & Anatomy

11. Maxillary 1st molar MB2 canal incidence?
    a) 20% b) 40% c) 60% d) 80%
    ✅ Ans: ~60%
    🔑 Mnemonic: “MB2 = More than half.”

12. Mandibular 1st molar usually has…
    a) 2 canals b) 3 canals c) 4 canals d) 5 canals
    ✅ Ans: 3 canals (2M,1D)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “1st Molar = 3 by default.”

13. C-shaped canals most common in…
    a) Max premolar b) Mand 2nd molar c) Max canine d) Mand incisor
    ✅ Ans: Mand 2nd molar
    🔑 Mnemonic: “C for Chinese, Common in Mand 2nd molar.”

14. Access cavity for max central incisor shape?
    a) Oval b) Round c) Triangular d) Trapezoid
    ✅ Ans: Triangular → Oval with age
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Central = Classic triangle.”

15. Largest pulp chamber?
    a) Mand molar b) Max molar c) Max canine d) Premolar
    ✅ Ans: Max canine
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Canine = King chamber.”

🌀 4. Instruments

16. Standardized file system by?
    a) Ingle b) Schilder c) ISO d) Grossman
    ✅ Ans: ISO
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Files follow ISO sizes.”

17. D1, D2, D3 refer to…
    a) File tip diameters b) Taper c) Rubber stop d) Handle
    ✅ Ans: File diameters
    🔑 Mnemonic: “D = Diameter.”

18. Taper of standardized file?
    a) 0.01 b) 0.02 c) 0.04 d) 0.06
    ✅ Ans: 0.02 mm/mm
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Old school = 2% taper.”

19. Cross section of K-file?
    a) Triangular b) Square c) Rhomboid d) Hexagonal
    ✅ Ans: Square
    🔑 Mnemonic: “K = Kube = Square.”

20. Hedstrom file motion?
    a) Watch winding b) Push-pull c) Circumferential filing d) Rotation
    ✅ Ans: Push-pull
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Hedstrom = Harpoon = pull.”

💧 5. Irrigation

21. Most effective irrigant?
    a) NaOCl b) EDTA c) CHX d) H2O2
    ✅ Ans: NaOCl
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Hypo kills all.”

22. Chelating agent used?
    a) NaOCl b) EDTA c) H2O2 d) CHX
    ✅ Ans: EDTA
    🔑 Mnemonic: “E for Endo chelator.”

23. NaOCl dissolves…
    a) Organic tissue b) Inorganic tissue c) Smear layer d) Dentin
    ✅ Ans: Organic tissue
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Hypo eats pulp.”

24. EDTA removes…
    a) Organic tissue b) Inorganic tissue/smear layer c) PDL c) Cementum
    ✅ Ans: Inorganic smear layer
    🔑 Mnemonic: “EDTA = Eats Dirt.”

25. Chlorhexidine advantage?
    a) Dissolves pulp b) Broad antibacterial c) Removes smear d) Chelates
    ✅ Ans: Broad antibacterial (substantivity)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “CHX = Chlorhex kills + sticks.”

🪵 6. Obturation

26. Gold standard obturation?
    a) Silver cones b) Gutta-percha c) MTA d) Resilon
    ✅ Ans: Gutta-percha
    🔑 Mnemonic: “GP = Golden Point.”

27. Sealer with best adhesion?
    a) ZnOE b) CaOH c) Epoxy (AH-26) d) MTA
    ✅ Ans: Epoxy resin
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Epoxy = Excellent stick.”

28. Cold lateral compaction is…
    a) Warm GP b) Silver cone c) Standard d) Thermoplastic
    ✅ Ans: Standard technique
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Lateral = Learning standard.”

29. Vertical compaction by?
    a) Schilder b) Ingle c) Grossman d) Weine
    ✅ Ans: Schilder
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Schilder = Squeeze vertical.”

30. Sealer puff indicates…
    a) Overfill b) Good seal c) Poor seal d) Blockage
    ✅ Ans: Good apical seal
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Little puff = seal stuff.”

🔥 7. Mishaps

31. Most common perforation site in mand molar?
    a) Furcation b) Apex c) Crown c) Pulp chamber floor
    ✅ Ans: Furcation
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Mand molar = Furcal fail.”

32. Strip perforation site?
    a) MB root of max molar b) D root of mand molar c) Buccal root d) Palatal root
    ✅ Ans: Mesial root of mand molar
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Strip the Mesial.”

33. Best repair material for perforation?
    a) GP b) Amalgam c) MTA d) CaOH
    ✅ Ans: MTA
    🔑 Mnemonic: “MTA = Master repair.”

34. Apical transportation avoided by…
    a) Small file b) Crown down c) Large file d) Step back
    ✅ Ans: Crown down
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Transport = Trouble. Crown-down = Control.”

35. Zipping occurs in…
    a) Wide canals b) Curved canals c) Straight canals d) Calcified canals
    ✅ Ans: Curved canals
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Zip curves open.”

🔪 8. Endodontic Surgery

36. Apicoectomy bevel angle?
    a) 45° b) 30° c) 0–10° d) 60°
    ✅ Ans: 0–10°
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Modern microsurgery = Minimal bevel.”

37. Root-end filling material of choice?
    a) Amalgam b) GIC c) MTA d) ZnOE
    ✅ Ans: MTA
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Surgery loves MTA.”

38. Retrograde prep depth?
    a) 1 mm b) 3 mm c) 5 mm d) 7 mm
    ✅ Ans: 3 mm
    🔑 Mnemonic: “3 mm = Magic seal depth.”

39. Success rate of endo surgery with MTA?
    a) 50% b) 70% c) 90% d) 30%
    ✅ Ans: ~90%
    🔑 Mnemonic: “MTA = Maximum success.”

40. Hemostasis during surgery with…
    a) Adrenaline b) NaOCl c) Ferric sulfate d) All
    ✅ Ans: All
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Endo surgery stops blood with everything.”

💥 9. Trauma

41. Most common luxation in primary teeth?
    a) Intrusion b) Extrusion c) Avulsion d) Lateral luxation
    ✅ Ans: Intrusion
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Kids push teeth in.”

42. Most common trauma in permanent teeth?
    a) Avulsion b) Intrusion c) Crown fracture d) Root fracture
    ✅ Ans: Crown fracture
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Perm = Piece breaks.”

43. Best storage media for avulsed tooth?
    a) Water b) Saliva c) Milk d) Alcohol
    ✅ Ans: Milk
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Milk saves membrane.”

44. Immediate management of avulsion?
    a) Store in ice b) Immediate replantation c) Wait for dentist d) Dry storage
    ✅ Ans: Immediate replantation
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Avulsion = Act now.”

45. Ellis class II fracture involves…
    a) Enamel b) Enamel+dentin c) Pulp d) Root
    ✅ Ans: Enamel + dentin
    🔑 Mnemonic: “II = Two layers.”

🎯 10. Miscellaneous / Concepts

46. Walking bleach uses…
    a) NaOCl b) Na perborate + H2O2 c) Carbamide peroxide d) EDTA
    ✅ Ans: Sodium perborate + H2O2
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Walk with Perborate.”

47. Internal resorption appearance?
    a) Ballooning b) Spindle c) Radiopaque d) Horizontal line
    ✅ Ans: Ballooning
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Internal = Inflate.”

48. Pink tooth of Mummery due to…
    a) Caries b) External resorption c) Internal resorption d) Trauma
    ✅ Ans: Internal resorption
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Pink = Internal problem.”

49. Ledermix contains…
    a) Steroid+Antibiotic b) CaOH c) Iodoform d) Epoxy
    ✅ Ans: Steroid + Antibiotic
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Ledermix = Local steroids.”

50. Best intracanal medicament?
    a) Formocresol b) CaOH c) NaOCl d) GIC
    ✅ Ans: CaOH
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Calcium heals canals.”

🧪 11. Pulp Therapy in Children

51. Most common pulp therapy in primary teeth?
    a) Direct pulp cap b) Pulpectomy c) Pulpotomy d) Apexification
    ✅ Ans: Pulpotomy
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Primary = Pulpotomy preferred.”

52. Contraindication for direct pulp capping in primary teeth?
    a) Small exposure b) Mechanical exposure c) Carious exposure d) Trauma exposure
    ✅ Ans: Carious exposure
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Carious = Contra.”

53. Most accepted pulpotomy medicament now?
    a) Formocresol b) MTA c) CaOH d) Glutaraldehyde
    ✅ Ans: MTA
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Modern pulpotomy = MTA.”

54. Formocresol action?
    a) Fixative b) Antiseptic c) Analgesic d) Chelator
    ✅ Ans: Fixative
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Formocresol = Formalin fix.”

55. Pulpectomy paste commonly used?
    a) Vitapex b) CaOH c) ZnOE d) GIC
    ✅ Ans: Vitapex (CaOH + iodoform)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Vital apex = Vitapex.”

📏 12. Working Length & Cleaning

56. Ideal working length?
    a) At apex b) 0.5–1 mm short of apex c) 2 mm short d) Beyond apex
    ✅ Ans: 0.5–1 mm short of apex
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Stop short, not shoot out.”

57. Best method for working length?
    a) Tactile b) Radiograph c) Apex locator d) Digital tactile
    ✅ Ans: Combination of radiograph + apex locator
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Double check.”

58. Apex locator works on…
    a) Resistance b) Impedance c) Voltage drop d) Capacitance
    ✅ Ans: Impedance
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Locator = Impedance indicator.”

59. Recapitulation is…
    a) Re-irrigation b) Use small file between larger c) Measuring WL again d) Vertical compaction
    ✅ Ans: Passing small file to maintain patency
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Re-cap = Re-open canal.”

60. Crown-down technique advantage?
    a) Less extrusion b) More control c) Better irrigation d) All
    ✅ Ans: All
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Crown-down = Clean & Control.”

⚙️ 13. NiTi & Rotary Systems

61. Main property of NiTi files?
    a) Flexibility b) Stiffness c) Brittle d) Sharpness
    ✅ Ans: Flexibility
    🔑 Mnemonic: “NiTi = Nice bend.”

62. Superelasticity of NiTi due to…
    a) Austenite phase b) Martensite phase c) Both d) Carbide
    ✅ Ans: Austenite
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Austenite = Active spring.”

63. Shape memory due to…
    a) Martensite→Austenite transformation b) Elastic recoil c) Heating d) Work hardening
    ✅ Ans: Martensite→Austenite
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Memory = Metal shift.”

64. Cyclic fatigue occurs due to…
    a) Excess torque b) Repeated bending c) High RPM d) Long length
    ✅ Ans: Repeated bending
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Cycle = Curve fatigue.”

65. Safe speed for rotary NiTi?
    a) 150–250 rpm b) 500–1000 rpm c) 5000 rpm d) >10,000 rpm
    ✅ Ans: 150–250 rpm
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Rotary = Relax speed.”

🧴 14. Medicaments

66. Most commonly used intracanal medicament?
    a) Formocresol b) CaOH c) Cresatin d) CHX
    ✅ Ans: CaOH
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Calcium heals canals.”

67. CaOH antibacterial action due to…
    a) Ca++ ions b) OH– ions (alkaline pH) c) Heat d) Osmosis
    ✅ Ans: OH– ions (high pH ~12)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “OH kills bugs.”

68. Triple antibiotic paste contains…
    a) Metro + Cip + Minocycline b) Amox + Metro + Clinda c) Penicillin + Tetra + Metro d) Amox + Erythro + Cipro
    ✅ Ans: Metro + Ciprofloxacin + Minocycline
    🔑 Mnemonic: “3 M’s = Metro, Mino, Micro.”

69. Ledermix paste contains…
    a) Steroid + Antibiotic b) CaOH + Iodoform c) ZnOE d) Resin
    ✅ Ans: Steroid + Antibiotic
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Ledermix = Local steroid mix.”

70. CHX cannot dissolve…
    a) Smear layer b) Organic pulp c) Bacteria d) Candida
    ✅ Ans: Organic pulp
    🔑 Mnemonic: “CHX = Cleaner, not Dissolver.”

🦷 15. Apexification & Regeneration

71. Apexification drug of choice?
    a) CaOH b) CHX c) NaOCl d) EDTA
    ✅ Ans: CaOH
    🔑 Mnemonic: “CaOH = Classic apex closer.”

72. Material of choice for single-visit apexification?
    a) MTA b) CaOH c) Resin d) ZnOE
    ✅ Ans: MTA
    🔑 Mnemonic: “MTA = Modern apex.”

73. Apexogenesis vs Apexification?
    ✅ Apexogenesis = Vital pulp, allows root to mature.
    ✅ Apexification = Non-vital pulp, induce barrier.
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Genesis = Growing. Fication = Finish.”

74. Best success in regenerative endodontics with…
    a) Apexification b) Pulp revascularization c) CaOH pulpotomy d) GIC
    ✅ Ans: Pulp revascularization
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Regen = Revive.”

75. Scaffold for regeneration?
    a) PRF b) PRP c) Blood clot d) All
    ✅ Ans: All
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Regen loves clot.”

💡 16. Bleaching & Discoloration

76. Walking bleach uses…
    a) 35% H2O2 b) Carbamide peroxide c) Na perborate + H2O2 d) EDTA
    ✅ Ans: Na perborate + H2O2
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Walk with perborate.”

77. Cervical resorption risk with bleaching?
    a) External resorption b) Internal resorption c) Ankylosis d) Hypercementosis
    ✅ Ans: External cervical resorption
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Bleach burns cervical root.”

78. Thermocatalytic bleaching uses…
    a) Heat + H2O2 b) Cold H2O2 c) NaOCl d) EDTA
    ✅ Ans: Heat + H2O2
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Thermo = Heat boost.”

79. Most stable bleaching result with…
    a) Walking bleach b) Thermo-catalytic c) Carbamide peroxide d) In-office 35% H2O2
    ✅ Ans: Walking bleach
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Walk = Worth it.”

80. Bleaching contraindicated in…
    a) Old teeth b) Cervical resorption c) Pulp necrosis d) Trauma
    ✅ Ans: Cervical resorption
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Don’t bleach weak neck.”

⚡ 17. Pain & Analgesics

81. Best analgesic for endo pain?
    a) Acetaminophen b) Ibuprofen c) Diclofenac d) Aspirin
    ✅ Ans: Ibuprofen
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Ibu = Ideal.”

82. Combination most effective?
    a) Paracetamol + Codeine b) Ibu + Acetaminophen c) Diclo + Ibu d) ASA + Metro
    ✅ Ans: Ibuprofen + Acetaminophen
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Double hit pain.”

83. Drug of choice in irreversible pulpitis pain?
    a) Ibu + Acetaminophen b) Morphine c) Diazepam d) Codeine
    ✅ Ans: Ibuprofen + Acetaminophen
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Inflammation needs NSAID + PCM.”

84. In hot tooth, best anesthesia technique?
    a) IAN block b) PDL injection c) Intraosseous d) Intrapulpal
    ✅ Ans: Intrapulpal (last resort)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Hot tooth = Pulp shot.”

85. Articaine unique feature?
    a) Ester group b) Thiophene ring c) Long duration d) Weak potency
    ✅ Ans: Thiophene ring → better diffusion
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Articaine = Artistic thiophene.”

🧰 18. Endo-Perio & Systemic

86. Primary endo lesion hallmark?
    a) Deep pocket b) Sinus tract c) Mobility d) Bone loss
    ✅ Ans: Sinus tract
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Endo drains.”

87. Best test to differentiate endo vs perio lesion?
    a) Pulp test b) Probing c) Radiograph d) Percussion
    ✅ Ans: Pulp vitality test
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Pulp test tells.”

88. Prognosis best in…
    a) Primary endo b) Primary perio c) Combined lesion d) Secondary perio
    ✅ Ans: Primary endo
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Endo heals easy.”

89. Systemic disease affecting pulp pain threshold?
    a) Diabetes b) Hyperthyroid c) Hypertension d) Cancer
    ✅ Ans: Diabetes
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Diabetes = Dull nerves.”

90. Antibiotics indicated in…
    a) Localized abscess b) Pulpitis c) Systemic spread d) Necrosis only
    ✅ Ans: Systemic spread (fever, cellulitis)
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Antibiotics = After spread.”

📚 19. Classic Names & Principles

91. Father of Endodontics?
    a) Grossman b) Ingle c) Schilder d) Black
    ✅ Ans: Grossman
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Grossman = Godfather.”

92. Step-back technique by…
    a) Weine b) Schilder c) Ingle d) Grossman
    ✅ Ans: Weine
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Weine = Wind back.”

93. Crown-down technique by…
    a) Schilder b) Marshall c) Saunders d) Abou-Rass
    ✅ Ans: Abou-Rass
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Abou = Above down.”

94. Balanced force technique by…
    a) Roane b) Schilder c) Grossman d) Ingle
    ✅ Ans: Roane
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Roane = Rotate balance.”

95. Father of Modern Endodontic Surgery?
    a) Kim b) Arens c) Schilder d) Weine
    ✅ Ans: Kim
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Kim = King of microsurgery.”

🌀 20. Miscellaneous Repeats

96. Resilon is…
    a) Resin-based obturation material b) Chelator c) Irrigant d) Intracanal medicament
    ✅ Ans: Resin-based obturation
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Resilon = Resin cone.”

97. Smear layer thickness?
    a) 1–2 µm b) 1–2 mm c) 10–15 µm d) 0.1 µm
    ✅ Ans: 1–2 µm
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Thin smear.”

98. Most biocompatible sealer?
    a) ZnOE b) CaOH c) MTA-based d) Resin
    ✅ Ans: MTA-based
    🔑 Mnemonic: “MTA = Most tolerant.”

99. Apical constriction location?
    a) At radiographic apex b) 0.5–1 mm short c) Cementodentinal junction d) Pulp chamber
    ✅ Ans: Cementodentinal junction
    🔑 Mnemonic: “Constriction = CDJ.”

100. Best long-term success factor in endo?
     a) Irrigation b) Obturation c) Coronal seal d) Working length
     ✅ Ans: Coronal seal
     🔑 Mnemonic: “Seal it or lose it.”

✅ That’s your Full 100 Q Endodontics MCC set — all in one place, with mnemonics.

Do you want me to also make a condensed flashcard version (Q–A only, no options/mnemonics) so you can use it for quick revision in the last 24 hrs before NEET MDS?